TY  - GEN
T1  - Expression of an endosome-excluded Cd63 prevents axis elongation in Xenopus
AU  - Kreis, Jennifer
AU  - Bonß, Ramona
AU  - Feistel, Kerstin
AU  - Vick, Philipp
DO  - 10.17912/micropub.biology.000334
UR  - http://beta.micropublication.org/journals/biology/micropub-biology-000334/
AB  - Cd63 is an adapter protein belonging to the tetraspanin family. As other members, it possesses four membrane-spanning domains, two extracellular loops, and the N- and C-terminus both face the cytoplasm. Cd63 is highly enriched in intraluminal vesicles (ILV) of late endosomes (LE; also called multivesicular bodies, MVB; Termini and Gillette, 2017). Cd63 trafficking to LE occurs via classical routes, i.e. from the ER to the Golgi complex, then to the plasma membrane, from where it is endocytosed and incorporated into ILV (Kobayashi et al., 2000; Pols and Klumperman, 2009). As an ILV-enriched component, Cd63 is a marker of exosomes, as these small extracellular vesicles are created from ILV of certain types of MVB (Pols and Klumperman, 2009; Simons and Raposo, 2009). Finally, Cd63 localizes to early melanosomes, highly specialized organelles that originate from LE-type precursors, and was shown to be required for melanogenesis in human melanoma cells (Basrur et al., 2003; van Niel et al., 2011). In our preceding analysis (Kreis et al., 2020), using Xenopus embryos we found the orthologous gene expressed in the trunk neural crest (TNC) and in melanosome-associated tissues such as the retinal pigment epithelium and melanophores (pigment producing cells of poikilotherm vertebrates; Raposo and Marks, 2007). Neural knockdown of cd63 specifically caused eye morphogenesis defects in early tadpole stages, surprisingly without impacting TNC formation and migration, nor melanophore specification and melanogenesis (Kreis et al., 2020).
PY  - 2020
JO  - microPublication Biology
ER  -